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| 02-17 | Assessing Deterioration of ADSS Fiber Optic Cables Due to Corona Discharge
This is the final project report for the project "Corona Discharge Caused Deterioration of All Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS) Fiber-Optic Cables." Utilities have reported failures of ADSS fiber optic cables installed on high voltage lines. The high electric field on those lines generates continuous corona discharge at the end of supporting armor rods. This discharge leads to cable deterioration. In a polluted environment, dry-band arcing causes cable deterioration when fog or dew occasionally wet the cable. This report presents a novel experimental technique to assess cable deterioration due to dry-band arcing. | George G. Karady and Johnny Madrid | 4/1/2003 | 5.7M | PDF |
| 02-18 | Identification and Tracking of Parameters for a Large Synchronous Generator
This document is the draft final report from the PSERC project with the same title. The main project objective was to describe a method to identify synchronous machine parame-ters from on-line measurements and to develop a Graphical User Interface (GUI) application that is user friendly and self guiding to enable rapid estimation of desired parameters.
Last Edited: 11/27/02 | G. T. Heydt and Elias Kyriakides | 4/5/2003 | 206.4k | PDF |
| 02-23 | Congestion Management in Restructured Power Systems Using an Optimal Power Flow Framework
The work described in this masters thesis and project report is one of the research products from the PSERC project “New System Control Methodologies.” In this report we look at a modified OPF whose objective is to minimize the absolute MW of rescheduling. In this framework, we also consider dispatching bilateral contracts in case of serious congestion, with the knowledge that any change in a bilateral contract is equivalent to modifying the power injections at both the buyer and the seller buses. We also seek to develop an OPF solution incorporating FACTS devices in a given market mode (pool or bilateral dispatch).
Last Edited: 11/27/02 | A.S. Nayak and M.A. Pai | 4/5/2003 | 180.8k | PDF |
| 02-24 | Development of a Graphic User Interface for an Overhead Conductor Sag Instrument
This document is the final report from the project "Differential GPS Measurement of Overhead Conductor Sag" (PSERC Project T-2). This project developed a graphic user interface (GUI) and estimation software package for the depiction of transmission line sag data and the calculation of real time conductor rating.
Last Edited: 11/27/02 | G. T. Heydt | 4/13/2004 | 171.0k | PDF |
| 02-25 | Condition Monitoring of In-Service Nonceramic Insulators and Underground Cables
This is the final report for the project with the same title. The report is in two parts. Part 1: Quantification of Corona Discharges on Polymer Insulators. Corona discharges present a serious threat to the long term performance of nonceramic (also known as composite or polymeric) insulators. The results from this project indicate that there is a correlation between the visible pattern of corona, measured discharge energy and the pixel intensity and area. An UV camera capable of capturing the corona discharge even during daytime has been employed. Part 2: Prediction of Future Performance of In Service XLPE Cables. This study examines the performance of 15kV XLPE new and aged cable (taken out from the service after 10 + years) in context with electrical tree and electrical failure of cable. The breakdown tests are preformed using needle-plane geometry at room temperature as well as elevated temperature of 100 degrees C. A statistical technique like regression analysis is utilized to analyze the test results as well as to predict the future performance and life expectancy of cables. The analytical techniques like Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to study the permanent changes in the XLPE material. This project proves the fact that there are permanent changes occurring in the material that lead to progressive degradation and/or failure in the long run.
Last Edited: 11/27/02 | R. S. Gorur | 4/5/2003 | 603.7k | PDF |
| 02-26 | Investigation of Fuel Cell System Performance and Operation: A Fuel Cell as a Practical Distributed Generator
This is the initial report in a multi-year project entitled “Investigation of Fuel Cell System Performance and Operation.” The project is to study the system performance and operation of a fuel cell distributed generator and to provide an assessment of the electrical, thermal, and economic issues associated with the fuel cell system. This report provides an introduction to technical and thermal performance of fuel cells in general, and to the Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell installed in the City of Mesa, Arizona in particular. It also describes an economic analysis of a fuel investment decision from the end-user’s perspective. Future project work will look more broadly at issues associated with integrating fuel cells as a form of distributed generation in the distribution network.
Last Edited: 11/27/02 | George Karady, Priyantha Sirisooriya and Richard G. Farmer | 4/5/2003 | 180.3k | PDF |
| 02-28 | Coordination of Transmission Line Transfer Capabilities
In the present power system operation, the transfer capacity studies of transmission lines are carried out separately by their owners with little coordination. The objective of this project has been to propose a global framework for coordinating the capabilities of several transmission paths, while also meeting the regulatory requirements on voltage security and dynamic security. As an example, we focus on maximizing the transmission capacity of the California-Oregon AC Inter-tie (COI), by coordinating other path-flows that have an impact on the COI capacity. We show that substantial improvements in the COI MW transfer can be achieved with reasonable rescheduling of neighboring tie-line flows using the optimization algorithms presented.
Last Edited: 11/27/02 | Mani V. Venkatasubramanian | 4/5/2003 | 185.8k | PDF |
| 02-31 | Differential GPS Measurement of Overhead Conductor Sag: Software Implementation
This is a final report on the development and implementation of software that can be used to estimate and continuously display the changing real-time current rating of a transmission-line conductor (PSERC Project T-15). The software can be used in an on-line energy manage-ment system (EMS) as an aid to power system operators. The software uses informa-tion from an instrument that can measure the sag of overhead transmission conductors for 69 kV circuits and above. The instrument may be based on either (1) direct measurement (such as a device that uses a Global Positioning Satellite signal or an optical surveying instrument), (2) an instrumentation system that uses calculation procedures (such as the ‘Power Donut’, a ‘CAT’ system that measures conductor tension), or (3) a resistive line near the conductors that effectively measures the electric field.
Last Edited:11/27/02 | G. T. Heydt and Robert Olsen | 4/5/2003 | 503.3k | PDF |
| 02-35 | Personnel Grounding and Safety Issues/Solutions Related to Servicing Optical Fiber Telecommunication Circuits in Optical Ground Wire (OPGW)
In this project, a study has been made of the voltages and currents to which workers are exposed while performing OPGW maintenance on or near energized transmission lines during fault conditions. The technique used for modeling this problem was first validated by comparing simulations with measurements performed during a bolted fault test by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBoR) and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA). Once validated, the model was used to simulate typical situations that might be encountered during maintenance of OPGW while either the line being maintained or a nearby line is energized.
It has been found that unless special measures are taken to protect workers, they may be exposed to dangerous levels of voltage and current during a fault. This conclusion is true even if the work is being performed on a de-energized line that is parallel to an energized line on which a fault occurs. Although not specifically evaluated as part of this project, one solution to the problem is the installation of a temporary ground mat underneath the work area.
Last Edited: 11/27/02 | Richard G. Olsen, Sakis Meliopoulos and George Karady | 8/26/2004 | 386.4k | PDF |
| 02-36 | Visualization of Power Systems
Effective power system operation requires power system engineers and operators to analyze vast amounts of information. In systems containing thousands of buses, a key challenge is to present this data in a form such that the user can assess the state of the system in an intuitive and quick manner. This is particularly true when trying to analyze relationships between actual network power flows, the scheduled power flows, and the capacity of the transmission system. With restructuring and the move towards having a single entity, such as an independent system operator or pool, operate a much larger system, this need has become more acute. This report describes the results of the research performed to address this need. This the draft final report for the PSERC Project "Visualization of Power Systems."
User Note: The report contains about 50 color figures illustrating the results. As a result, the document is quite large and will take time to display.
Last Edited: 11/27/02 | Thomas J. Overbye, Douglas A. Wiegmann and Robert J. Thomas | 8/26/2004 | 7.8M | PDF |
| 02-42 | Market Mechanisms for Competitive Electricity
This project is concerned with the design and analysis of market mechanisms and instruments that support the competitive operation of electric power systems. The project emphasizes the interaction between the economic and technical aspects of competitive electricity markets. Research activities have been focused on several specific topics as follows:
· Theoretical and experimental studies of alternative auction structures and their implications on participants' behavior and the efficient operation of the system.
· How do market rules in conjunction with system characteristics influence market power?
· Congestion management and transmission pricing.
· Design and analysis of financial instruments for asset valuation and risk management in electricity markets.
· Understanding price formation and market operation.
· Optimal unit commitment algorithms for competitive electricity.
· Designing demand side contracts.
This report provides brief summaries of research reports and publications addressing the various topics outlined above, classified by subject area with annotated references to published results.
Draft report from the Market Mechanisms for Competitive Electricity project (Markets Stem project M-2). | Shmuel Oren | 6/10/2003 | 187.1k | PDF |
| 02-43 | Robust Control of Large Scale Power Systems
This research extends existing methods for robust stability analysis to deal with large-scale power system problems resulting in part from the restructuring of the electric power industry to achieve competitive market-based decision-making. Structured Singular Value based tools have been proven to be promising. However, they encounter difficulty in application to large-scale systems due to the heavy computational burden. The research conducted in this project extends existing methods to more practical algorithms to deal with the robustness analysis problem in power systems. Final report for the Robust Control of Large Scale Power Systems project (Systems Stem project S-12). | Vijay Vittal | 6/10/2003 | 1.2M | PDF |
| 02-44 | Accurate Fault Location in Transmission Networks Using Modeling, Simulation and Limited Field Recorded Data
This project is aimed at developing accurate fault location algorithms for situations where only sparse field data is available. The basic concept of matching the recorded and simulated waveforms to determine the most probable fault location is utilized. The recorded waveforms are captured using DFRs while the simulated waveforms are produced running a short circuit program using an accurate model of the power system at hand. This study was aimed at investigating the feasibility of the new fault location algorithm and proposing possible improvements to it. Final report for the Accurate Fault Location project (T&D Stem project T-10). | Mladen Kezunovic | 6/10/2003 | 674.0k | PDF |
| 02-45 | Power System State Estimation and Optimal Measurement Placement for Distributed Multi-Utility Operation
Industry restructuring calls for fundamental changes in how state estimation is done in power systems. This research investigates (1) optimal design of metering systems (particularly to maintain full system observability during switching actions), (2) distribution of data and computational burdens of state estimation among participating control areas, and (3) methods for estimating controller and system parameters as well as state variables. Draft report for the research project Power System State Estimation and Optimal Measurement Placement For Distributed Multi-Utility Operation (Systems Stem project S-10). | Ali Abur and Garng Huang | 6/10/2003 | 904.2k | PDF |
| 02-46 | Wireless Communications in Substations
This report concerns evaluation of spread-spectrum wireless
communication techniques when used for substation
monitoring applications. Modulation formats used by the spread-spectrum
radios
have significant bearing on the performance of wireless communications
in a substation environment. In this report we focus mainly on
comparison of the Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping spread-spectrum
techniques using field measurements. This is Part I of the final
report on the project
"Power System Monitoring Using Wireless Substation and System-Wide
Communications" (T&D project T-11).
Initial Draft: November 15, 2002
Published: April 8, 2003 | Mladen Kezunovic | 7/18/2003 | 1.2M | PDF |
| 02-47 | Mobile Agent Applications for Power Apparatus Monitoring and Maintenance
The data related to power apparatus monitoring and maintenance are
usually distributed at different locations and reside on heterogeneous
computer systems. The diversity of data ownership introduced by power
industry restructuring adds more complexity for data sharing and
exchanging. A system-wide communication approach is needed to
efficiently access and process the data residing in distributed databases.
In this project, the mobile agent software has been applied to address
the above problems. We have chosen the application scenarios of power
apparatus monitoring and maintenance to illustrate certain data
processing and exchanging issues that are handled much more efficiently with
mobile agents than with existing solutions. This is Part II of the final
report on the project "Power System Monitoring Using Wireless
Substation and System-Wide Communications" (T&D Stem Project T-11). | Mladen Kezunovic | 6/10/2003 | 633.4k | PDF |
| 02-48 | Enhanced State Estimation by Advanced Substation Monitoring
Power system substations are becoming equipped with intelligent electronic devices (IED) that are primarily used for protection and relaying functions as well as for power quality monitoring. The advanced communication and computational capabilities provided by these devices can be exploited to improve energy management system (EMS) applications.
This project is concerned about one such application: the monitoring of power systems during normal operating conditions. The results suggest that processing measurements at the substation level before sending them to the control center can improve state estimator performance. Also, availability of detailed substation measurements can facilitate topology error identification by the state estimator executed at the control-center level. These benefits are demonstrated under various operating scenarios using prototype software developed as part of the project. This is the final report for the PSERC project Enhanced State Estimation via Advanced Substation Monitoring (T&D Research Stem Project T-9). | Ali Abur | 6/10/2003 | 4.6M | PDF |
| 02-49 | Voltage Security Margin Assessment
There is a need to evolve procedures that insure voltage stability in the operation of more open and diverse power systems. To achieve this aim, power system operators need to be able to quickly assess from measurable quantities, the operational state of the system from the voltage stability perspective. At the same time, in case of stability problems, the responsibility evaluation procedures need to be distinctly identified within the new operating environment.
The objective of this project was to evolve a framework, within the context of the restructured power market operations, to incorporate voltage stability assessment into the power system security, accountability and utilization factors for control devices. In the course of completing the objective of this project, we have come up with new and practical algorithms and procedures that can effectively address the incorporation of voltage stability into market-oriented power system operations.
Final project report for the Steady State Voltage Security Margin Assessment project (S-11).
Initial Draft: December 4, 2002
Published: April 28, 2003 | Garng M. Huang and Ali Abur | 8/28/2003 | 803.3k | PDF |
